Developing the ability of spatial visualization and spatial imagination and the ability to detect different mutual spatial relationships between three-dimensional (3D) geometric forms presented by parallel projections on a two-dimensional (2D) medium, as a basis for 3D analysis of each 2D view.

Ability to identify and interpret spatial relationships and geometric structures of learned forms based on their corresponding 2D views, as well as the ability to graphically represent 3D configurations on a 2D medium. Ability to interpret spatial properties of complex geometric shapes from their 2D views, as well as the ability to optimally represent learned 3D shapes throuh characteristic views; identification of their geometric structures; design of 3D geometric shapes.

Basic element of spatial visualization. Projection, directions of observation and types of images of basic geometric forms. Criteria for obtaining typical views and positions of the objects, with the aim of direct detection of their metric properties and recognition of spatial relationships. Application on more complex forms. Visualization and geometric structures of more complex 3D forms. Criteria for the analysis of intersections and their characteristics. Concepts of visibility and visual realism. Curves as guides when generating surfaces. Typical views and direct detection of geometric structures of those surfaces. Developable and non-developable surfaces; quadrics, conoids, cylindroids, helical surfaces, roofs, etc. Shading and visual realism. Basic principles of shading. Detection of typical elements of cast shadows in orthogonal views and axonometric images. Central and parallel lighting.

Lectures and practicals. Consultations.